friedrich wilhelm nietzsche was born on 15 october 1844 in röcken, near leipzig. in may 1869, aged 24, he was called to the chair of classical philology at the university of basel, without a doctorate or a teaching certificate; leipzig gave him an honorary doctorate that march. he resigned the post in 1879 and lived on a pension as an independent writer.
his first book, the birth of tragedy out of the spirit of music, appeared in 1872 from e. w. fritzsch in leipzig. classicists rejected it, above all ulrich von wilamowitz-moellendorff in his 1872 pamphlet philology of the future; erwin rohde and wagner answered for him.
four long essays of 1873-76 were collected as untimely meditations. human, all too human (1878) introduced the aphoristic style and widened his distance from wagner. daybreak followed in 1881, and the gay science in 1882, reissued in 1887 with a new preface and a fifth book.
thus spoke zarathustra came out in four parts: the first three from ernst schmeitzner in chemnitz in 1883 and 1884, the fourth printed privately in 1885. beyond good and evil (1886) and on the genealogy of morals (1887) were issued at his own expense by c. g. naumann of leipzig.
in 1888 he finished twilight of the idols, published in 1889, along with the antichrist and ecce homo. franz overbeck and heinrich köselitz, the friend and copyist who wrote as peter gast, held the antichrist back until 1895, and ecce homo waited until 1908. nietzsche collapsed in turin in january 1889 and wrote nothing more.
after the collapse his literary estate passed to his sister elisabeth förster-nietzsche. köselitz proposed assembling selections from the notebooks, and the will to power appeared in 1901, edited by ernst and august horneffer with gast and published by c. g. naumann; a larger edition edited by förster-nietzsche and gast followed in 1906. in the 1960s giorgio colli and mazzino montinari produced the first complete chronological edition of the writings and notebook fragments, which showed the book to be an editorial arrangement rather than a work nietzsche wrote.
related profiles; Carl Jung, Michelangelo Buonarroti, The Golden Age of Hollywood
sources; wikipedia: Friedrich Nietzsche, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Nietzsche, wikipedia: The Will to Power (manuscript), wikipedia: Thus Spoke Zarathustra, wikipedia: The Birth of Tragedy, wikipedia: Ecce Homo
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